Hyloxalus lehmanni H. anthracinus Colosthetus fugax Epipedobates machalilla

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(1) SVL, males, 18.1-23.1, n = 6; females, 24.6-28.2 (x = 26.2; n = 3); (2) disc on Finger III expanded; (3) Finger I > Finger II; (4) fringe absent on Finger II; (5) disc on Toe IV expanded; (6) fringe absent on Toe IV, but toe slightly keeled; (7) outer tarsal fold weak; (8) basal webbing present, toe webbing formula I2—3 dorsolateral stripe absent; (10) oblique lateral stripe present, extending to eye; (11) ventrolateral stripe present; (12) two discrete markings absent on gular-chest region; (13) venter white in females, throat gray in males; (14) Finger III not swollen in males; (15) testes brown.Colostethus toachi differs from C. lehmanni and C. anthracinus, which have a complete oblique lateral stripe and gray ventral suffusions in males, in lacking marbling or spots on the abdomen and by having brown testes. Colostethus toachi differs from C. lehmanni by lacking stripes on anterodorsal surfaces of thighs and from C. anthracinus by having more expanded discs on the fingers and no marks on the dorsum. Colostethus toachi differs from C. fugax and C. machalilla by males lacking Finger III swollen.

Description of holotype.—Male, 18.1 mm in SVL; body slender; head slightly wider than long; head length 33.1% SVL; head width 35.4% SVL; snout bluntly rounded in dorsal view, protruding beyond lower jaw in profile; loreal region barely concave; nostrils slightly protuberant laterally; eye-nostril distance more than half the diameter of eye; supratympanic fold weak, diffuse, obscuring posterodorsal part of tympanum; diameter of tympanum 44.4% diameter of eye. Forelimbs moderately long; first finger longer than second; fingers unwebbed, lacking lateral fringes; Finger III not swollen; terminal discs expanded; subarticular tubercles large, oval; palmar tubercle large, rounded; thenar tubercle moderately elliptical; nuptial excrescences absent. Hind limbs moderately slender; tibia length 50.3% SVL; outer tarsal fold present, not well developed; inner tarsal fold sigmoid on distal two thirds of tarsus, not connected with the inner metatarsal tubercle; outer metatarsal tubercle elliptical, about half size of elliptical inner metatarsal tubercle; toes basally webbed lacking lateral fringes, slightly keeled; terminal discs expanded, about twice width of digits; subarticular tubercles small, round; supernumerary tubercles absent.Skin of dorsum with scattered, low granules in pelvic region; flanks and venter smooth; anal opening directed posteroventrally at upper level of thighs; anal sheath short; tongue elongately elliptical, indented posteriorly; free posteriorly for about two thirds of its length. Vocal slits and vocal sac not developed. Color in preservative: Dorsum gray with pale snout; dark mark between eyes; small "V"-shaped mark in scapular region, scattered dark spots in pelvic region. Dark brown dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye to anal region, diffuse behind the eye; flanks with dark brown band, stippled with minute white spots posteriorly; oblique lateral stripe white, shaded with brown from behind eye to shoulder; tympanic region white with minute brown stippling; upper lip pale brown with white spots; ventrolateral stripe white, extending below dark band along entire length of body, straight anteriorly, sinuous posteriorly. Dorsal surfaces of forearm brown with small diffuse white spots; anterior and posterior surfaces of upper arm lacking stripes replaced by gray shading; dorsum of fingers dark brown with white transverse marks; dorsal surfaces of hind limbs pale brown with scattered diffuse dark brown spots; dark brown longitudinal stripe on dorsal surface of thigh bordering a posterior diffuse white band; anterior thigh lacking stripe; dorsum of toes dark brown with white transverse marks. Throat, chest, and abdomen white; ventral surfaces of upper arm and hind limbs white, except gray on lower arm, palmar and plantar surfaces.Measurements of holotype (mm): SVL 18.1, tibia length 9.1, head length 6.0, head width 6.4, eye diameter 2.7, eye-nostril distance 1.9, tympanum diameter 1.2.  Variation.— Male (RMNH 25248) has a gray throat in contrast to females and the holotype (subadult male) that have immaculate white throats. Color patterns in other specimens are like the holotype except some specimens that have fewer white stipples on the posterior part of the flank. Some specimens lack webbing on the toes. A recently metamorphosed juvenile (CAS 10591) has a SVL of 9.5 mm and basal webbing. The dorsum is uniform brown and the throat is stippled with black.Color in life: KU 202891—venter white; thighs orange (W. E. Duellman, field notes, 20 March 1984). KU 109333—dorsum brown; tip of snout, canthal stripe, and lateral stripe dark gray; legs tan with dark transverse bars dorsally; venter except legs, white; iris pale bronze reticulated with black (W. E. Duellman, field notes, 31 March 1967). KU 182196—brown above with black-edged cream stripe; canthus rostralis bronze-cream; iris copper with brown horizontal streak; throat flesh-colored; venter off white; undersides of legs with orange cast (J. D. Lynch, field notes, 29 May 1977).  Tadpoles.—The following description is based on an individual in Stage 25 (Fig. 6) from a series of 16 back-riding tadpoles (RMNH 25248).  Total length 10.6 mm; body moderately depressed, about two thirds as deep as wide; snout rounded in dorsal view and in profile; nostrils about midway between eyes and tip of snout; eyes directed dorsolaterally, diameter 0.56 mm; spiracle sinistral; vent tube short, conical, dextral to ventral fin. Caudal musculature robust, gradually tapering to near tip of tail; dorsal fin low on anterior one fourth of tail, tail length 65% total length; tail height 15% total length, dorsal fin heigh 0.34 mm at midlength of tail, slightly extending onto body; ventral fin height 0.3 mm at midlength of tail; tip of fin rounded. Oral disc directed ventrally, not umbelliform; 1.3 mm wide; denticles and beaks well developed; tooth row formula 2/3; second upper row narrowly interrupted medially; beaks slender, keratinized; upper beak broadly arch-shaped with long lateral processes; lower beak "V"-shaped; lateral folds present; median part of upper lip bare; papillae at proximal margin of upper lip; papillae at proximal margin of upper lip; posterior lip bordered by one row of low marginal papillae.Dorsum and sides of body heavily pigmented with dark brown; venter unpigmented anteriorly, scarcely pigmented on abdomen; caudal musculature cream with dark brown flecks along entire length; fins translucent with scattered dark brown flecks on dorsal fin.Calls.— Unknown. 

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